OTI-2024 was previously developed by Inotek Pharmaceuticals (known as trabodenoson or INO-8775) in Massachusetts. It underwent four complete randomized control clinical trials (2009-2017), demonstrating its excellent clinical safety and MMP therapeutic potency. However, it failed in a prior Phase 3 IOP clinical trial, due to wrong dose and study design issues. Since June 2020, Dr. Qiu made new discoveries of trabodenoson- derived MMP therapeutic for treating the IOP failure and neural protection in glaucoma. She spent 18 months under stealth mode, patenting her inventions, before forming OTI LLC in November 2023.